Vermiculite is a hydrous phyllosilicate mineral which undergoes significant expansion when heated. Exfoliation occurs when the mineral is heated sufficiently; commercial furnaces can routinely produce this effect. Vermiculite forms by the weathering or hydrothermal alteration of biotite or phlogopite.
Cleavage: Perfect on
Color: Colorless, white, yellow, green, brown, black
Crystal class: Prismatic (2/m); (same H-M symbol)
Crystal habit: As large crystalline plates to clay-sized particles; lamellar to scaley
Crystal system: Monoclinic
Diaphaneity: Translucent
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+)3(OH)2·4H2O
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